Hubungan Pola Konsumsi Sayuran dan Buah Buahan dengan Kejadian Anemia pada Ibu Hamil di Tlogomas Kota Malang

Abstract

Anemia in pregnant women remains one of the most common health problems and contributes to an increased risk of complications during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period. One of the factors influencing the occurrence of anemia is dietary consumption patterns, particularly the intake of vegetables and fruits containing iron, folic acid, and vitamin C, which play important roles in hemoglobin formation. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between vegetable and fruit consumption patterns and hemoglobin levels among pregnant women in the Tlogomas area, Malang. This study employed an analytic observational design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 49 pregnant women selected using a simple random sampling technique based on inclusion criteria. Data were collected using questionnaires on vegetable and fruit consumption patterns and hemoglobin level examinations. Data analysis was conducted using univariate and bivariate analyses with the Chi-Square test at a significance level of p<0.05. The results showed that most respondents had irregular vegetable consumption patterns (55.1%) and irregular fruit consumption patterns (61.2%). The majority of respondents were also found to have anemia (57.1%). Bivariate analysis revealed a significant relationship between vegetable consumption patterns and anemia incidence (p=0.002), as well as between fruit consumption patterns and anemia incidence (p=0.003). In conclusion, this study indicates a significant relationship between vegetable and fruit consumption patterns and hemoglobin levels among pregnant women in Tlogomas, Malang. Pregnant women with irregular vegetable and fruit consumption patterns had a higher risk of developing anemia compared to those with regular consumption patterns.